Articles

This research is devoted to the investigation of the role of conscious self-regulation in human development and activity. The concept of conscious self-regulation of a subject’s voluntary activity and the history of its research conducted in Psychological Institute RAE are discussed. The results of the research dedicated to the typology of individual styles of self-regulation and their relationship with educational and professional activity effectiveness are presented. Personal dispositions have specific influence on the individual peculiarities of regulatory profile. It is concluded that the integrated system of individual self-regulation includes dynamic and content aspects of a personality, its conscious and subconscious structures for development and achievement of goals.

The study conducted at a representative sample of 6—11 graders from regularsecondary schools (N=665) has shown, that high academic achievers are characterizedby particular motivational profile, i.e. high level of intrinsic motivation and lowerlevel of extrinsic motivation based on the striving to get recognition and respect fromparents, teachers and classmates than their less successful peers. Besides that, observeddifferences in extrinsic motivation of boys and girls allowed to explain gender differencesin academic achievement favoring girls. This data should be used selecting children tospecial classes and schools for gifted and developing programs for teachers and parentsthat support intrinsic motivation in children.

The role of attachment to mother (AM) in formation of children’s and adolescents’ attitude to world around and to themselves is analyzed in the article. AM is considered as a complex system of internal regulation and one of the bases of mental development typology. Results of a series of the researches are described, relating secure/insecure adolescents’ AM to their worldviews, in particular to their emotional attitude towards family, teachers, peers, friends, school, and also to the future, the country, people and the world as a whole. 

The phenomenon of cultural specificity of the types of cognition — the everyday and scientific ones — is discussed in the present work in the frame of systemic approach. The discussion highlights the features of the Russian science. The analogies between the stages of an individual act of cognition, on the one hand, and cognition process at the level of world science, on the other hand, are considered. It is assumed that the interaction between different “local” sciences takes form of the mutual CO-operation aimed at achieving of global result — the development of world science.

The paper shows the possibility of assessing the level of resistance to stress through the integration of information on the specifics of the difficult situation and available resources of coping. When describing the individual process of adaptation to stress is a systematic distinction between mental states and stable personality dispositions. Picked up a set of diagnostic methods, empirical verification which is carried out by comparing the samples of subjects (N=530), a priori contrast in level of resistance to stress.

The address is devoted to the following issues: a) congratulation of Faculty of Psychology at Saint-Petersburg State University with the opening Conference timed to 100th year Anniversary of birthday of famous Russian psychologist, one among the founders of the Faculty Boris Gerasimovich Ananiev from Russian Psychological Society and Faculty of Psychology at Lomonosov Moscow State University; b) collaboration of Faculties of Psychology at Lomonosov Moscow State University and Saint-Petersburg State University; c) some basic psychological problems that are general for Moscow’s and Saint-Petersburg’s scientific traditions; d) perspectives of further collaboration.

From editorial board.

The article presents the analysis of work of dissertation councils at the MSU Department of Psychology. Quantitative indexes of defend thesises in psychology and pedagogic are adduced for 2001–2007 years. It was made an attempt to assume the quality of defended thesises in psychological and pedagogical science, as the priority was set the task to increase heir level, in particular, due to high requirements to publications in scientific edition «Moscow University Bulletin (Vestnik). Seria 14. Psychology».

The article discusses the question of application of the neuropsychological method in psychogenetic research. It is suggested to use neuropsychological indexes as endophenotype — an intermediate part between genotype and phenotype. Results of experimental study of mono- and dizygotic 43—62 year old twins are reported. Consideration of programming and control index (executive functions index) as an endophenotype has demonstrated that neuropsychological indexes may become a basis for the qualitative analysis of the intelligence structure.

The concept «personal life space» is introduced and a justification is provided. Theoretical origins, relations with the concept «image of the world» are discussed and a structure model of the concept is developed. The results of an empirical study of representation of personal life space in the world images in adolescents and young adults are presented.

The article is denoted evaluation of possibility of using a concept of ordinary consciousness for the explanation of phenomenon of subjective beliefs about diseases. Revealed particularities (characteristics) ordinary consciousness on the example of beliefs about diseases and health. Described psychological conditions to actualizations of the irrational forms of thinking in the consciousness of adult, formed, psychic sound person. situation diseases are considered as answering these conditions.

The article describes the initial period in the development of E.N. Sokolov’s ideas in psychophysiology and their further advancement in psychophysiological and neurophysiological research studies.

The article is devoted to subject-activity concept of professional labour (worked out by E.A. Klimov). The concept is regarded as a theoretical and methodological basis providing a scientific strategy for solving various applied problems daimed at establishing a mutual correspondence of a person and a profession.

The phenomenon of cultural specificity of the types of cognition — the everyday and scientific ones — is discussed in the present work in the frame of systemic approach. The discussion highlights the features of the Russian science. The analogies between the stages of an individual act of cognition, on the one hand, and cognition process at the level of world science, on the other hand, are considered. It is assumed that the interaction between different “local” sciences takes form of the mutual CO-operation aimed at achieving of global result — the development of world science.

Possibilities of the human activity approach in psychological research are discussed. The paper states about the necessity of subsequent development of psychological human activity theory: first of all the general structure of human activity is to be specified. Particular importance must be given to diachronic aspect of its structural analysis. The system of essentially different components that constitute its process must be described, and their interdependencies must be revealed. The author emphasizes the significance of the final component of the human activity, i.e. the action of satisfying the initial drive of the subject. Regarding this action as the activity “realization phase” can give the key to the problem of reinforcement. The pair of notions — “orientation” and “execution” — will be of value when solving the problem of set consciousness.