Articles

The second phase of a longitude study of influence of some psychological characteristics on professional preparation of psychologists is described in the article. young psychologists in their third year were studied. It is demonstrated that emotional stability, motivation to learning, communication skills, which influenced progress of students in their first year, are important factors of professional preparation two years later. Descriptions of some subjects are presented as examples.

The work presented is devoted to the contribution of E.N. Sokolov and the members of his scientific school into understanding of the neuronal mechanisms of memory formation, in developing of ideas on pacemaker activity participation into neuronal plasticity, to formation of the command neuron conception into behavior and cognitive processes. The contribution of the Sokolov’s collaborators and his followers into developing him “conceptual reflex arc” was emphasized in the review presented.

The basic theories of emotional intelligence and two alternative approaches to its assessment are considered in this article. The advantage of the ability model (J.D. Mayer, P. Salovey, D.r. Caruso) before mixed models (D. goleman and r. Bar-On) and also the advantage of performance-based measures as a method of emotional intelligence assessment in comparison to self-report measures are proved. The critical analysis of MSCEiT tasks from the point of view of its consistency with the emotional intelligence concept, with the ability model and with the theory of emotions is carried out. The conclusion is made about that it is possible to reduce the model structure to three abilities — recognition of emotions, understanding of the reasons of emotions, management of emotions. The directions of test improvement are discussed: developing tasks basing on a certain range of emotions and cognitive theory of emotions, as well as changing the tasks presentation form to video situations.

The Author discusses the subject, main problems, the social status of psychology of labour, engineering psychology and ergonomics, a parity of these directions of the Russian science in the second half of the ХХ—the beginning of the XXIst century.

The study is aimed at revealing interrelationships between coping behavior and intellectual and personality components of the dynamic regulation of choice under uncertainty in college students (n=480). We establish correlations between productive/unproductive coping strategies and academic achievement, analytical and practical intelligence, implicit theories of intelligence and personality, goal orientations and also such personality predictors of overcoming uncertainty as risk readiness and rationality.

The results of a study of the motivational component of the student intellectualactivity in solving insight problems are presented in the article. For the evaluation ofmotivation the technique of “creative field” developed by D.B. Bogoyavlenskaya hasbeen used before and after teaching students to implement heuristics with the help ofthe method developed by I.I. Ilyasov. Additional data on the positive influence of theintrinsic cognitive motivation upon the success in solving insight problems has beenreceived. The possibility to contribute to arising and increasing of this motivationthrough teaching to use heuristics has also been revealed.

The main directions of security formation of communication strategies related to their adaptation to the conditions of social and psychological variability.

Two approaches to teaching the ability to learn in the Russian psychological and pedagogical sciences are analyzed in the article. The first one means we teach the ability to learn directly and the second focuses on developing this ability by changing the content and forms of learning. We come to the conclusion about the connection between these approaches with understanding the specifics of learning.

The role and functions of the child-parent relations and communication with peers in adolescence are considered as characteristics of the social situation of development. The developmental processes of the value, emotional, cognitive and behavioral components of autonomy in their heterochrony are discussed. The results of the research demonstrated complicated non-linear relationship between the level of personality autonomy and child-parent relation’s parameters (the level of parent’s control, the adolescent’s independence and self-management competence, communication and cooperation with parents). 

The given article attempts to outline generally the bilateral relations between the state of educational sphere and national security’s level in order to raise this scientific problem. The authors put forward and give robust ground to the idea that assumes that educational system acts as a resource, an object and a tool of the state policy on national security.

The article is devoted to the dynamics of the emotional development of children with autism. Deregulations of emotions occupy a central place in the clinical picture of this type of disorders. In the early school years, they become the main obstacle in the socialization of these children. The present paper describes the options for the development of emotional regulation in autism spectrum disorders of varying severity at the beginning of schooling. The main emphasis is on comparison with age norm. The factors affecting the prognosis of social adaptation are analyzed.

The monograph is devoted to one of the most complex and mysterious scientific problems, to the problem of neurobiological nature of consciousness. What is the connection between psychological and neural levels of consciousness? The author proposes to consider consciousness within the spherical model of subjective processes, which unlike other models integrates psychophysical and neural levels of analysis to answer this fundamental question. The experimental researches results acquired by the author and his followers who have proved the propriety of the spherical model are serving as basis for this approach, data about deliberate discrimination of colors, emotions and other categories of stimuli are quoted. The spherical model of consciousness assumes that activity of specific neurons should be responsible for separate acts of consciousness. Functionally specialized “neurons of consciousness” which are forming “neurons fields” or “neuron maps” are serving as such neurons according to the author’s hypothesis. The change of one act of consciousness by another is determined by moving of the excitation’s focus on such type of map resulting in replacing the activity of the “neuron of consciousness” by the activity of another neuron of the same class. A number of consequences for an experimental check-up follows from this hypothesis and it opens the prospect of objective studies of consciousness. The hypothesis of the existence of specialized “neurons of consciousness” leads the author to the conclusion of the existence of the endocellular mechanism of consciousness. The author considers two possible processes in this connection: 1) local coding of signals on the micromodules of separate dendrites; 2) quantum-mechanical coding in cytoskeletal microtubules arising from generation of coherent photons. The radical physical hypothesis about of the quantum processes enable to explain brain’s work and the nature of human consciousness in a new fashion is a basis of the second idea. The book will cause doubtless interest among the wide audience of specialists in the humanities and natural science and senior students interested in problems of psychology and neurobiology of consciousness.

Professional psychologies — for the future of Russia.

In the article experimental investigations, performed in virtual reality (VR) systems, are considered. Perspective modifications of research paradigm in cognitive, orga4 nizational, social, clinical psychology are described. The possibility of application of VR technology in educational psychology, psychotherapy and psychological rehabilitation are discussed.

The article is about doctor’s occupational stress. The aim of this study was to define complex approach to doctor’s occupational stress development. The outcome of the study was definition of common and specific stress manifestation for different doctors group (physicians, surgeons and resuscitation experts). There are diverse ways to treat and correct occupational stress among different doctors specializations.