The paper presents the impact of G.I. Chelpanov on the development of university education in Russia and on formation of a system of professional psychological instruction in universities. Milestones of Chelpanov’s scientific biography, features of his philosophical-psychological outlook are reconstructed in socio-cultural and scientific context. Personal traits of Chelpanov as university mentor and founder of the first national scientific-educational school in psychology are represented.

This article outlines results of a research based on the assessment of 211 top-managers of several large Russian companies by the ability tests and Assessment Centers. Author describes specific character of a relationship of intellectual level and leadership effectiveness. Also, predictive potential of ability tests as personnel selection method for managerial positions is discussed. 

In article three realities in which their lives the person — empirical, sociocultural and existential are analyzed. Each matched the reality of social knowledge domains with which they are described — the moral, conventional, and personal. It is proved that realities are understood by people on types of understanding-knowledge, understanding-interpretation and understanding-comprehension. It is shown that the person at the same time exists in different realities, understands them on the unequal psychological bases and uses various types of social knowledge for the description. 

The paper presents the results of studying the dynamics of life meaning orientations in individuals with opioid dependence involved in the rehabilitation programs of religious and secular type. The study revealed that the process of qualitatively organized inpatient spiritually oriented rehabilitation program (SORP) allows you to change the individual drug addicts in the general sections of the meaningfulness of life, purpose and significance in the process of living, meeting process, the meaningfulness of the past, present and future, as well as the impact of life to a greater extent than would be possible to make a non-religious therapy communities. In the SORP the dynamics of subscales “locus of control — I” and “locus of control — the life” are poorly expressed, in some cases negative, indicating a need to connect the programs aimed at developing participants rehabilitants rehabilitation programs and degree levels of self-responsibility for the study and solution of life’s goals and objectives.

Academic achievements are investigated in connection with IQ, self-evaluation and its combinations with level of aspirations. It is found lowering of academic achievements with reduction of self-evaluation. In case level of aspirations was higher of level self-evaluation academic achievements increased, in contrary case achievements diminished. Self-evaluation is very reliable predictor of studies efficacy, but IQ did not lose its prognostic power as yet. 

The article presents results of the comparative analysis of the features in volitional regulation and motivational-meaningful sphere of personality of students from 1 and 5th courses of different faculties Lomonosov Moscow State University (n=443). According to results of using techniques the age, gender and individual differences were established. The link between indicators of volitional regulation and characteristics of motivational-meaningful sphere of student’s personality was established. 

The paper is devoted to approaches to the quality of life in different human sciences (psychology, medicine, economics, sociology) and demands to the methods of the diagnostics. Major types of diagnostic instruments (population-based indicators and indexes, standardized questionnaires, individualized techniques) are reviewed; their strengths and limitations are discussed. 

The article deals with the complex social and cultural motivating systems, which were described in sociology, social psychology and the studies of culture but are hardly known within psychology of motivation. M. Weber’s concept of “ethos”, K. Levin’s concept of “social field” and M. Foucault’s concept of “dispositif” are analyzed in detail. 

The article presents three lines of theoretical and experimental research A.M Matyushkin and his scientific school. The first line is connected with the study of motivational-emotional regulation of thinking, the development of the idea of ​​the subject's activity in the formulation and solution of thinking tasks, his cognitive activity. The second line is devoted to the study of intellectual, creative, personal possibilities of subject. The third line is aimed at studying the conditions under which it becomes possible to a real creative thinking, opening the new (subjectively and objectively). 

Paper is devoted to the medical neuropsychology of cardiovascular diseases. Discussed diseases were: cardiac arrest, coronary artery bypass grafting, especially developed was a nature of cognitive problems and their neuroanatomical correlates resulting from hypertension and atherosclerosis. Author described mentioned diseases in terms of mechanism that leads to brain dysfunctions and a profile of neuropsychological changes. A separated aspect, but connected to the neuropsychological characteristics of cardiovascular diseases, was a hypothetical impact of cognitive decline in adaptation process (or maladjustment) to illness and inability to following medical advices, that is the problem of non-adherence from the standpoint of medical neuropsychology. 

In frameworks cross-cultural research of near-death experience (NDE) comparison of modern western NDE to descriptions of this experience in the Upanishads was carried out (the Brihadaranyaka, Kaushitaki and Katha Upanishads became a material of our analysis). It was revealed, that at Upanishads’ descriptions of NDE alongside with cultural specificity there is the overwhelming majority of elements of the western NDE, thus similarity concerns not so much the concrete contents of elements on itself, but their role in realization of the universal script of travelling to the world of dead. 

The paper presents the using of psychological technologies at various psychosomatic diseases. The theoretical approach to the author’s method of mobilization of reserve power systems of the body (AMERSO) is described. The results of studies by the method of AMERSO with 16 patients, indicating the effectiveness of this method, are represented.