In the age-approach framework (L.S. Vygotsky, D.B. Elkonin) student’s perception of the moral atmosphere in the secondary school is discussed as the essential feature of the social situation of development. The results of the research cleared the role of the student’s perception of the moral atmosphere in the secondary school as the essential factor of the value and moral development in adolescence in the modern Russia society. The peculiarities of the perception of the moral atmosphere in the secondary school were revealed. The clusters of the different patterns of the perception of the moral atmosphere in school were described.