The article presents the overview of the basic approaches, concepts and directions in studying personality in neuropsychology. Neuropsychiatric approach is based on phenomenological description of personality disorders in patients with various brain damages. Neuropsychological studies of personality held in A.R. Luria school that are mainly present in works under E.D. Homskaya guidance, in order to experimentally study brain organization of personality suggest using structural-functional model that includes emotional, motivational and executive processes and self-awareness. Aphasiology postulates, that personality disorders are secondary to communication disabilities that occur in speech pathology. Finally, neuropsychoanalysis focuses on cerebral mechanisms of unconscious processes and personality functioning in different pathological models. The paper presents the results of the study held. With the use of neuropsychological syndrome analysis method 50 young adult male patients have been studied with pathocharacterological spectrum disorders divided in two groups: schizoid personality disorder (30 patients) and schizotypal personality disorder (20 patients). It has been established that both groups have specific cognitive disturbances that indicate frontal-parietal-thalamic connections. Lateral differences are revealed: neuropsychological symptoms that are associated with left hemisphere dysfunction are specific for schizotypal personality disorder; neurocognitive deficit that is associated with right hemisphere is specific for patients with schizoid personality disorder. Perspectives of personality neuropsychology are discussed.

The subject of topic is the discussion about interaction between affective and cognitive factors in whole personality style, which determined subject capacity to contain coherent, integrate and abstract representation about social communication, specific disturbances this capacity in subject with affective pathology personality disorders and comorbid suicidal behavior. Analysis of the main theoretical approaches experiential schema and results of the assessment (researches) of two groups patients (100 subjects) with depressive disorder suicide attempts and without are presented. The dates confirm the connection between structural-functional organization peculiarities, affective-motivational investment and content themes of I—Other relations representations patterns with three bipolar affective-cognitive personality style dimensions — differentiations/integrations, dependency/autonomy, hostility/mutual cooperation. They allow to specify the role of cognitive-symbolic means disturbances in low effective functioning of the defense and coping self-regulatory systems.