Articles

Introduction.

Motives of the terrorist activity are revealed through the analysis of psychological mechanisms of realization of basic human needs at the stages of involvement in a terrorist organization and participation in them. Psychological appeal of terrorism in the context of the problem of the influence of modern technology on the dynamics of the boundaries of the norm and pathology is discussed.

Some key aspects of the terrorism as an object of psychological research are described: 1) ideological principles as an object of political psychology; 2) emotions such as aggression and hatred as an object of development psychology and psychology of personality; 3) terrorists’ organizations as an object of social psychology; 4) psychological motives inciting people to participate in terrorism activity as an object of clinical psychology; 5) usage of global informational space by terrorists as an object of psychology of mass communication. Instead of conclusion all participants of the round table are invited to discuss the following issues: a) terrorism as social-psychological phenomenon; b) psychological essence of the terrorism, psychological features of terrorists; c) motivation of terrorists; d) reduction of inter-ethnical tension as a factor of decreasing of terrorists’ activity; e) psychological mechanisms of mass-media influence on peoples’ behavior in a risk conditions of terrorists attacks; f) mass-media publications as a way to prevent the terrorism; g) psychological mechanisms of involvement into terrorist organizations; h) psychological rehabilitation of people survived different kinds of violence, including terrorist acts; i) psychological accompanying of antiterrorism measures; j) psychological training of specialists in counteraction to terrorism and elimination of consequences of terrorists’ acts.

«Vestnik» — main scientific publication by psychologists of Moscow University.

The article is devoted to the problem of increasing of scientific standards and applied value of dissertations in pedagogics and psychology. Significant growth of quantity of dissertations in psychological and padagogical specialities is mentioned, and the reasons for the growth are pointed out. The indications of decreasing of dissertations’ scientific standards are listed with supporting factual data and typical examples. Some prompt actions undertaking for increasing the scientific standards and applied value of dissertations in pedagogics and psychology are described.

Chapter 2 is devoted to comparative analysis of vector encoding of information at perceptual and semantic levels. With this purpose new concepts are entered and carefully proved: «a memory map», «a map of semantic units», «an excitation vector of memory», «a semantic difference», «a semantic evoked potential». Experimental psychophysiological researches of color and emotion perception are analyzed to illustrate the basic similarity of perceptual and semantic subjective spaces. The neural mechanisms providing the coordination of perceptual and semantic processes are discussed.

The concepts of ethnic identity and ethnicity are compared to each other; the main approaches of research on ethnicity are analysed. The restrictions of the primor- dialistic approach are discussed. The psychological analysis of the constructivist model of ethnicity as well as of its criteria is proposed in here. The analysis of the ethnological theories allows concluding that the unilateral vision of ethnic identity nature is illegiti- mate and ethnic identity should be studied as result of the cognitive-emotional process of self-determination of individual towards the ethnic groups in the social space — as result of belonging to the ethnic community experience.

The spherical model of visual perception, based on the hypothesis of vector encoding of information by neurons-detectors, is suggested and discussed. The following global features of the model are under special consideration: sphericity, universality, and the connection of its metric parameters (spherical angles, Cartesian coordinates) with subjective and neurophysiological aspects of vision. Theoretical states are illustrated by the data of experimental researches of different forms of visual perception in human and animals – perception of ‘color’, ‘direction of moving’, ‘spatial frequencies’, ‘orientation’.

The article is devoted to short review of history of one of the leading scientific schools in Russian psychophysiology founded by Professor of Moscow Sate University E.N. Sokolov. The basic ideas and scientific achievements of the school are described and analyzed.

The article puts special emphasis on the necessity of giving a scientifically grounded definition to such a concept as «giftedness». By taking a retrospective look on the problem the author reveals reasons why the perception of giftedness as «intellect above average» is so widespread. Determining a unit of analysis of giftedness (i.e. ability to develop activity on one’s own initiative) and creating a method for its measurement («systematic observation») made it possible to realize F. galton’s concept of giftedness.

The materials of the interview with Professor E.A. Klimov, held in 2006, are presented. Subject of conversation is the experience of the Dean of the Faculty, the impressions from lecturers, the scientific life of MSU, the comparison of Moscow State University with other universities

The blogs as the platform for a virtual personality construction are considered in the article on the assumption of the positions of L.S. Vygotsky’s cultural-historical approach. Internet journalism practices are considered as the example for the processes of virtual «I» formation. The authors affirm that the appearance of consecutive and stable «I-representation» in Internet is the necessary condition for a change in dynamics of social nets development from motives which are out of Internet (in physical space) towards situation when a virtual personality is enough full-fledged to be a motive for new social interactions creation not leaving Internet. As a result a virtual personality turns into a net-creating factor and Internet loses its unoriginality in relation to physical space.

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the two major forms of pedagogicalactivity of an educator — pedagogical activity (with agency) and pedagogicalcommunication. We show that the two are qualitatively different yet they are sincreticallyunited and cannot function in isolation. We describe general and specific functionsof pedagogical activity and pedagogical communication emphasizing the role ofunmediated (direct face to face) communication between an educator and a studentin communicating personal knowledge. We also discuss the issue of developmentof the optimal individual style of pedagogical communication as a component ofcommunication competence of an educator.

Security psychology considers via social systemic search for contiguity and mutual complement of existing advances of psychology and conceptual security understanding. The ability of systemic vision of security and its cognitive and practical character are demonstrated. The possibility to investigate safety psychology as social theoretical construct is suggested. Multi-aspect approach to security is substantiated. Methodological challenges of psychological security are discussed.

Background. Shift work is quite common in different regions of Russia. This method of work is most often chosen by men. In the scientific literature, there are few investigations devoted to the study of couples or families with one of the spouses working on a shift basis. Interest in studying the coping behaviour of women whose husbands work on a shift basis is caused by scientific studies into the manifestation of stress in the families of shift workers.

Objective. The article focuses on identifying specifics of coping behaviour in women whose husbands work on a rotational basis.

Study Participants. The study involved 103 women with marital experience ranging from 5 to 10 years, including: 51 women whose husbands work on a rotational basis and 52 women living permanently with their spouses (control group).

Methods. The study of coping strategies is carried out with the Coping with Stress Questionnaire COPE. The Mann-Whitney U-test is used to process quantitative data.

Results. The results of the study revealed the specifics of coping with stress in women whose husbands work in shifts. They are characterized by the strategy "mental disengagement" to a greater extent as compared to the women who live with their spouses permanently. The presence of children in the families of shift workers also has a certain impact on the choice of coping strategies by women. Women with children have higher rates of productive strategies: "positive reinterpretation and personal growth", "acceptance" and "humor", it helps them cope with the stress of periodic separation from their husbands. In separation from their husbands, women without children are more likely to use the following strategies: "active coping", "denial", "religious coping" and "mental disengagement".

Conclusions. Taking into account two aspects in the course of the study (the mode of living with a spouse and the presence of children) made it possible to identify the specifics of coping behaviour of women whose husbands work in shifts. This will allow psychologists to better organize psychological assistance and support for families in this category.