Articles

The concepts of ethnic identity and ethnicity are compared to each other; the main approaches of research on ethnicity are analysed. The restrictions of the primor- dialistic approach are discussed. The psychological analysis of the constructivist model of ethnicity as well as of its criteria is proposed in here. The analysis of the ethnological theories allows concluding that the unilateral vision of ethnic identity nature is illegiti- mate and ethnic identity should be studied as result of the cognitive-emotional process of self-determination of individual towards the ethnic groups in the social space — as result of belonging to the ethnic community experience.

The spherical model of visual perception, based on the hypothesis of vector encoding of information by neurons-detectors, is suggested and discussed. The following global features of the model are under special consideration: sphericity, universality, and the connection of its metric parameters (spherical angles, Cartesian coordinates) with subjective and neurophysiological aspects of vision. Theoretical states are illustrated by the data of experimental researches of different forms of visual perception in human and animals – perception of ‘color’, ‘direction of moving’, ‘spatial frequencies’, ‘orientation’.

The article is devoted to short review of history of one of the leading scientific schools in Russian psychophysiology founded by Professor of Moscow Sate University E.N. Sokolov. The basic ideas and scientific achievements of the school are described and analyzed.

The article puts special emphasis on the necessity of giving a scientifically grounded definition to such a concept as «giftedness». By taking a retrospective look on the problem the author reveals reasons why the perception of giftedness as «intellect above average» is so widespread. Determining a unit of analysis of giftedness (i.e. ability to develop activity on one’s own initiative) and creating a method for its measurement («systematic observation») made it possible to realize F. galton’s concept of giftedness.

The materials of the interview with Professor E.A. Klimov, held in 2006, are presented. Subject of conversation is the experience of the Dean of the Faculty, the impressions from lecturers, the scientific life of MSU, the comparison of Moscow State University with other universities

The blogs as the platform for a virtual personality construction are considered in the article on the assumption of the positions of L.S. Vygotsky’s cultural-historical approach. Internet journalism practices are considered as the example for the processes of virtual «I» formation. The authors affirm that the appearance of consecutive and stable «I-representation» in Internet is the necessary condition for a change in dynamics of social nets development from motives which are out of Internet (in physical space) towards situation when a virtual personality is enough full-fledged to be a motive for new social interactions creation not leaving Internet. As a result a virtual personality turns into a net-creating factor and Internet loses its unoriginality in relation to physical space.

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the two major forms of pedagogicalactivity of an educator — pedagogical activity (with agency) and pedagogicalcommunication. We show that the two are qualitatively different yet they are sincreticallyunited and cannot function in isolation. We describe general and specific functionsof pedagogical activity and pedagogical communication emphasizing the role ofunmediated (direct face to face) communication between an educator and a studentin communicating personal knowledge. We also discuss the issue of developmentof the optimal individual style of pedagogical communication as a component ofcommunication competence of an educator.

Security psychology considers via social systemic search for contiguity and mutual complement of existing advances of psychology and conceptual security understanding. The ability of systemic vision of security and its cognitive and practical character are demonstrated. The possibility to investigate safety psychology as social theoretical construct is suggested. Multi-aspect approach to security is substantiated. Methodological challenges of psychological security are discussed.

Professor Klimov has turned 80!