Introspection: discussions, reflections

The article analyzes the views of M.K. Mamardashvili about the person and the value of culture in its formation: man has a dual nature, being a biological entity, but he can become “real” (conscious, meaningful, and onepiece) (M. K. Mamardashvili). The human being is awake the vertical state that must constantly hold to collect. One of the conditions of this “Assembly” is the existence of “cultural forms”, as existence, as the forms of the possible human. Outlined in the article, the area of contact of the views of M.K. Mamardashvili, S.L. Rubinstein, L.S. Vygotsky, allowed to focus on one side on the reflection as a way of being, another word for how the topos - place of being. The question of what is the mechanism of the Assembly is decided by us, based on the understanding of the dialogical (Bakhtin) nature of reflection. The author defines the notion of “reflective text” as a cultural form of reflection

In this part of the article theoretical positions proposed in the first part of the article, are implemented on empirical material of reflexivepsychological analysis of introspective self-life-creativity of the outstanding writer and thinker M.M. Zoshchenko. Given held them all his life a dramatic existential introspection M.M. Zoshchenko and corrected to reflect the semantic field of their identity, which was reflected in the development of introspective style as his artistic creativity, and social behavior of the individual. In conclusion, characterized the role of reflective dialogue as a means of enhancing introspective self-perception and self-development of individuality

Excerpts from the book S.V. Kravkov “Self-observation” (Moscow: Russkiy knizhnik, 1922. 176 p.). In his study, S.V. Kravkov presents arguments in favor of the need for introspection, psychology, introspection separates from reflection, analyzes the mental processes that provide the opportunity to introspection introspective discusses ways of organizing research and other theoretical methodological issues arising in connection with introspection.

The current paper proposes a new theory of self-observation in the context of face-to-face interview grounded in the dialogical and transactional theories of W. James, G.H. Mead, M. Bakhtin, and V. Voloshinov. The authors have embraced their dialogical and continuous notions of self and socio-ideological consciousness. In this model, consciousness (or I) is submerged in an infinite interchange of internal and external dialogues, constantly evaluating, negotiating, and internalizing immediate experiences into more stable characteristics of self (the me). We have characterized these aspects of the me in terms of utterances, broadly organized into three semiotic genres: 1) ideological-affiliative, 2) personal-affective, and 3) socio-normative. The authors argue that such genres permeate every stage of the research process, beginning with research questions and culminating in the construction of a research report.

First part of the article analyzes the historical and scientific, etymological and methodological problems of psycho-reflexivity personology study self-perception and self-observation – through introspection – a man’s own Self as an integrated personality and social personality. Considered external opposition, socio-objective determination of human mental activity and its internal, reflexive sense of life, the source of which is the individual amateur I. From these positions explicated logic of perceptual psychology: the study of perception through introspection objectivity to subjectivity reflection reflexive self-perpetuating I proposed ontology of psychological reality of the inner life, where its components are incorporated such as: self-actualization, self-perception, self-knowledge, self-understanding, self-awareness, self-determination, selfactualization personality I. In the context of reflexive psychology, personology considered reflexive nature of introspection problem-conflict situations in the self-identity sphere of artistic and scientific creativity. In the second part of the article the proposed theoretical propositions are realized on empirical material reflexive psychological analysis of introspective self-life-creativity outstanding writer and thinker M.M. Zoshchenko. Given held them all his life a dramatic existential introspection M.M. Zoshchenko and corrected to reflect the semantic field of their identity, which was reflected in the development of introspective style as his artistic creativity, and social behavior of the individual. In conclusion, characterized the role of reflective dialogue as a means of enhancing introspective self-perception and self-identity I am human.

In the article an idea is pulled out that cause of absence of unity of psychological science is abandonment from the natural method of psychology - introspection. It becomes firmly established that self-evidence of internal experience at R. Descartes is investigation of coincidence in the introspection of gnoseology and ontology, act of knowledge and act of being. Organic, undistorting character of introspection is educed at understanding of psyche, as apperception (which will realize understanding of psyche as the definitely organized internal work, i.e. psychical determinism) guided by a mechanism. The mechanism of apperception means a presence in the psyche of initial heterogeneity, multiplicity, quasi-poly-subjectness. In this connection the problem of effective introspection is examined as a problem of effective communication of the variety-dimensional, variety-coordinate spheres of psychical apparatus of man, adequate internal transmissions of experience and adequate internal translations.