At the faculty of psychology

Relevance: History of science is a necessary component of its progressive development; however, the history of Russian applied psychology has not been sufficiently studied. 

Purpose of the work: to present the results of the author's historical and psychological works carried out on the basis of the subject-activity approach.

Research method: The study uses systemic methodology and the subject-activity approach based on the provisions of Marxist philosophy, theory of science and traditions of Russian psychology and its history (A.A. Bogdanov, E.A. Budilova, E.A. Klimov and others). It also uses analogies for a better understanding of the unity of consciousness principle and the activity of its subject (an individual scientist, a group of researchers and practitioners, society as a whole, as a collective subject). The study demonstrates the advantages of the methodology chosen in comparison with the one adopted by scientists who are limited by the cognitive resources of one-sided approaches (for example, the traditions of internalism or externalism) in historical and psychological research.

Sample: The article provides an overview of the author's most important publications on historical and psychological topics over the past 35 years.

Results: The study presents the author's research of the formation, development and transformation of applied psychology on the example of psychological sciences on labor and working people carried out in Russia from the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 21st century, in correlation with the events of the country's civil history. The author analyzes the development of certain scientific problems (problems of social psychology of labor, problems of working capacity and fatigue, the prehistory of competence-based approach in psychology, problems of safety psychology in ergatic systems, etc.). It also presents the analysis of the work done by a number of leading Russian psychologists in this field. The results of the research are included in the program of the special course "History of Applied Psychology".

Conclusions: The study formulates the main provisions of the subject-activity approach in historical and psychological research and the possibilities of its application in order to understand the past of psychology and predict the trends of its future development. 

Relevance. The development of information society technologies becomes a crucial point in the transformation of human labour. Technogenic processes of automation, robotization and development of artificial intelligence models have an impact on the transformation of human labour. The future of labour becomes inseparably linked to an ever-increasing complexity and irreplaceability of technological tools. The need to single out a special field of psychology in order to study and predict the relationship between man and technology in the cultural-historical context of information society is on the agenda.

Purpose. The study’s aim is to show the necessity to study the psychological mechanisms of interaction between man and technology in the information society. It is based on the analysis of the main predictive vectors of transformation of labour activity under the influence of high technologies.

Method. The logic of the present research corresponds to the cultural-historical and activity-semantic paradigm. To achieve these goals the author usestheoreticalanalysis, method of generalization, and mental modelling.

Results. The study analyses possible solutions to the problems posed within modern humanities and associated with the technological replacement of a number of professional activities. Along with the traditional philosophy of technology and the developing sociology of technology, it suggests that the psychology of technologyis singled out as an independent sphere of research. It could provide specialized psychological studies of the interaction between people and the technical tools they use.

Conclusions. The development of information society technologies and their integration into the habitual, everyday life, the processes of replacing natural abilities and historically developed kinds of labour activity with technical tools imply a number of problems, especially those having to do with understanding the complexity of relations within the system “Man-Machine”. The answers may be found within the framework of psychology of technology,the task of which is to provide the basis for studying conditions of interaction between man and the surrounding technologies and “smart machines”that are hard to understand for a human being. Understanding their nature becomes increasingly unattainable. The discipline in question also aims at providing a psychological assessment of the impacts of technological progress on the possibilities of human self-realization.

Relevance. June 11, 2020 marked the 90th anniversary of Evgeny Klimov (11.06.1930-31.05.2014) birth, Doctor of Psychology, Academician of the Russian Academy of Education, President of the Russian Academy of Education (1994-2003), Dean of the Faculty of Psychology Lomonosov Moscow State University.

Goal. The introductory note is dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of E.A. Klimov (1930-2014). Fragments of memoirs about the personality of the scientist by his students and colleagues are presented. The contours of his scientific contribution to the development of Russian psychology, his activities as a science organizer and teacher are outlined.

Results. The authors prepared for publication the scientist's manuscript, his speech to the participants of the student conference at Moscow University in 2002. In the text of E.A. Klimov presented the main ideas for the successful professional development of young psychologists, among them: the idea of the social significance of the profession; focus on business, and not on your career; assistance in improving the psychological culture of the people; the desire to separate new scientific knowledge from the redesignation of traditional knowledge with new words; development of methods of empirical research, including methods of analysis of unique cases; the conditions for the progressive development of psychology are indicated.

Relevance. The paper outlines the main branches of research work and development projects carried out by researchers and lecturers of the Work and Engineering Psychology department, Faculty of Psychology. It studies the contribution of the four heads of the department (professors V.P.Zinchenko, E.A,Klimov, Yu.K.Strelkov, A.B.Leonova) to the development of the main research areas within psychology of work content and work environment, as well as in workers’ psychology. 

Results. The main research results obtained by the department's staff are arranged according to the main areas of scientific research supervised by the head of the department: 1) The 60s and 70s: studies of cognitive and senso-motor processes in the work of automated system operators — the birth of engineering psychology (V.P. Zinchenko) and the revival of labor psychology (Yu.V. Kotelova); 2) The 80-90s (E.A. Klimov) - problems of human psychology as subject of labor: research of professional consciousness, work motivation, mental regulators of labor based on the psychological interpretation of the subject of labor activity and its components; 3) The first decade of the XXI century (Yu. K. Strelkov) - research of transport professions, the formation of a temporal approach in engineering psychology, methods for studying the operational and semantic experience of a professional; 4) 2015-2020 (A.B. Leonova) - a series of studies of occupational stress and other functional states on the basis of structural-integrative approach; problems of organizational psychology and cognitive ergonomics. 

Conclusion. The study singles out and discusses prospective areas of future research, such as psychology of professional health, psychology of rest, psychology of security (of an individual, collective, organization, society as a whole); psychological study of the transformation of professionals’ psyche in the digital age, psychology of trust. 

The relevance of the study. The paper raises the problem of methods of psychological research, this problem is reflected in written and oral speeches of P. Ya. Galperin. The scientific significance of this problem is due to the fact that using the forming method allows us to obtain data concerning the laws of the formation of a new action in the conditions of not only controlled, but also spontaneous formation.

The purpose of the study is to obtain scientific psychological information concerning the forming method. The key concept of the theory of P. Ya. Galperin is the concept of orientation, which determines the success of the action.Polemizing with J. Piaget on the question of age capabilities of the child, P. Ya. Galperin experimentally showed that in the conditions of forming method "real mental actions and concepts" are formed much earlier than in the traditional spontaneous formation.If in the first case the process of formation becomes generally controllable, in the second it is only directed.The transition to the method of formation by stages, stressed P. Ya. Galperin, creates a basic for an appreciable improvement of the methods of instruction and means a radical change in the methods of psychological research.

Methods - historical and psychological analysis, comparative analysis.

The results. The publication consists of three parts. The main part (the middle one) is P.Ya.Galperin's article «The cross-sectional method and the method of formation by stages». It is published on the materials of the personal archive of P. Ya. Galperin.The article, written by P. Ya. Galperin on the results of his speech at the International psychological Congress in Moscow in 1966, was previously published in the journal "Voprosy psyikhologii", in this form article is a corrected version by P. Ya. Galperin.

The first part of the paper is a short introduction providing a general characteristic of the Piaget and Galperin discussion on Psychological Congress.In conclusion (the third part) an attempt is made to identify the main lines on which it is possible to compare the views of P. Ya. Halperin and J. Piaget.

The conclusion. The reference to the materials of Piaget and Galperin discussion is not only of historical and theoretical importance, but also allows us to outline the prospects of current scientific research in the field of genetic psychology.

The article is dedicated to the 55th anniversary of the XIX International Psychological Congress.

September 7, 1970 marks the 50th anniversary of Emelin Vadim Anatolyevich, doctor of Psychology, Professor of the Department of labor psychology and engineering psychology, Faculty of psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Professor of RAO.

Relevance. It is traditional for socio-psychological research to study a large social group as a subject of social representations, rather than experiences — in other words, in existing studies, attention is paid mainly to the cognitive component of the “group response” to certain social events. T.G. Stefanenko argued that the socio-psychological approach to the study of changes in society should include an analysis of not only the processes of social cognition regarding newly emerged or transformed social objects, but also emotional reactions, unconscious expectations, and fears caused by changes, general feelings and experiences. This position involves the inclusion of new categories in the conceptual apparatus of psychological knowledge, as well as clarifying the content of existing categories. In this case, we are talking about such a category as collective experiences.

Objective. Description of the theoretical and empirical problems that T.G. Stefanenko was directly involved with in the research project “Perezhivanie (experiencing) Social Problems with Representatives of Various Social Groups of Modern Russian Society” (Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation, 2012-2014).

Methods. Review and analysis of research on the study of perezhivanie, collective perezhivanie,and social emotions.

Results. The basic approaches to the study of perezhivanie, collective perezhivanie,and social emotions in Russian and Western psychological literature are considered. The concept of “collective perezhivanie” is compared with the category of “perezhivanie” developed in Russian general psychology, as well as the construct “collective (social) emotions” developed in Western social psychology. The results of an international cross-cultural study of social emotions (guilt, shame, regret, embarrassment, etc.) in which T.G. Stefanenko took part are briefly described.

Conclusion. Despite methodological difficulties and the lack of unity in the conceptualization of collective perezhivanie,the study of social perezhivanieand emotions seems to be a fruitful approach to empirical socio-psychological studies of the characteristics of perception and interpretation of various social processes at the level of everyday consciousness

This year is anniversary of Alexander Ivanovich Dontsov.

Memorial conference dedicated to the 85th anniversary since the birth of E.D. Homskaya.

The academic methodological rethinking of the actual educational process at a single higher education institution is considered as an important component of the institution’s inner research and identity. The sociological and, especially, educational psychological research, from author’s perspective, create the necessary informational background for the improvement of the educational process at the each higher education institution, as well as for the promotion of reforms at the level of the education system of the state. A short characteristic of the special branch of the international academic and applied research – an Institutional Research (the within-institutional studies at a university), and of the work at the Center of inner monitoring of the Higher School of Economics — National Research University are presented as an argument. It is concluded that such studies are underestimated in the context of improvement and development of the professional training of students at the department of psychology of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, and that there is a necessity of the creation of such kind of center.

The publication contains the author's annotations for the best diploma work performed at the faculty of psychology of Lomonosov Moscow State University in 2013.

In this paper authors discuss the problem of the fi rst stage of professional psychologists’ socialization, existing in the modern system of higher education and indicate the status of the problem in modern psychological literature. Provided the description of the course off ered by the authors “Professional socialization of psychologist”, listed educational goals and the basic principles of the discipline, described the content of fi ve sections, indicated forms of control knowledge. Analyzed the results of a survey of fi rst-year students conducted by the authors aft er the course. Discussed three main aspects: the overall students’ experience about the course, formal and informal learning eff ects. Th e conclusion about the role of the developed course in the professional socialization of psychologists. Based on two years of work created a list of prospective directions of further improvement of the course in order to increase its effi ciency in dealing with the identifi ed problems of the fi rst stage of professional socialization of psychologists.

The publication contains the author's annotations for the best diploma work performed at the faculty of psychology of Lomonosov Moscow State University in 2012.

The publication contains the author's annotations for the best diploma work performed at the faculty of psychology of Lomonosov Moscow State University in 2011.