Lomonosov Psychology Journal, 2013, 1, 152.

A new efficient method for automatic emotion recognition by speech signal based on the four-dimensional emotions spherical model and principles of information encoding in the nervous system, is described. As a result, the principle of the relative cross-frequency amplitude-variable encoding of emotions in speech signal is proposed and experimentally tested. The hypothesis on the speech being a multichannel signal (a frequency diversity) with each band having possible independent fast micro amplitude change was tested. The agreement between the selected parameters of the speech signal and the subjective perception of the same samples (short words «yes» and «no») in the system of formalized parameters of psychophysiological emotion for the four-dimensional model is shown. The obtained parameters (factors) may be characterized as bimodal spectral filters. Factor 1 has a basic value is 3000 Hz and the secondary value is 500 Hz. It determines the change in the sound signal in accordance with «character emotion» axis, and the contribution of this component as compared with other components, the more positive (better useful) ones are estimated in the utterance. Factor 2 has two extremes at frequencies that lie somewhere near 1000 and 1750 Hz. It determines the degree of information uncertainty as opposed to confidence (calm). Factor 3 characterizes affection (love). It corresponds to the most widely spaced peaks: low frequencies of about 150 Hz and high-frequencies of 3500 Hz. In yes-no dichotomy «no» is accompanied by the absence of active rejection, and «yes» is characterised as a positive assessment. Factor 4 has similar range between 600 Hz and 1500 Hz. The configuration is close to factor 2, but it is shifted with respect to the low-frequency region, getting their peaks in its local minimum. This component determines whether aggressive (active) or passive (fear, escape) reaction is provoked in the subject. The results obtained confirm the efficiency of the proposed general anthropomorphic approach to the development of technical systems, in particular, the methods of speech signal processing and data presentation. It also confirms the identity of a previously identified psychophysiological model parameters, further justifying the preference (compared with other well-known ones) of this emotions classification, both in terms of dimensions and orientation of the axes of the model space.

The paper is devoted to Boris Dmitrievich Parygin, a talented Russian psychologist and educator, who trained many generations of students and postgraduates.It briefly touches upon the main facts of the scholar’s life, highlights the results of his research and reveals the scope of his scientific and educational work. It is shownthat B.D. Parygin was also an outstanding science develper. Upon his initiative, the Department of Social Psychology and the first “Social psychological research” laboratoryon the basis of Leningrad Gertsen Teacher-Training Institute was the first one to be established in the USSR.

There are facts that point to Boris Parygin’s contribution to the establishment and development of social psychology. The author notes that the scholar established the basisof methodology and developed the subject area of social psychology as an independent science, and justified its status in the humanities.

Particular emphasis is put on the conceptually important aspects of scientific creativity of B.D. Parygin’s recent years that are relevant to today critical problems of humandevelopment, culture, and society.

The author writes about the scholar’s idea of personal integrity, humanistic function of psychology and the coherent worldview principle of dialogue as an alternative toanti-human communication.

The article is devoted to definition of management vision among adjacent concepts and to the analysis of interdependence of management vision and individual and personal features of the company executive and their relation to time.

In this work, the management vision is considered as a self-concept among related concepts: anticipation, goal setting, planning, forecasting and individual management concept. The solution of theoretical problems of correlation and differentiation of the terms close to management vision was formed on the basis of the psychological literature review: management vision, being a component of managerial concept, represents a form of anticipation and is the result of goal-setting process, forecasting, and planning.

The characteristics of management vision of company executives are studied empirically. The characteristics of management vision of company executives are associated with individual personal peculiarities of their relationship to time. The empirical research has confirmed the main idea of the work – relationship is the most important power of the company executive – the management vision and ability of managers to see the company future.

The collected data and patterns of relationship between the management vision and the peculiarities of their attitude to time will not only allow to study the social psychological phenomenon thoroughly, but also can be used in developing programs of organizational adjustment, diagnostic techniques, studying and development management vision.

In the modern world a dominant role in everyday life is played by such media channels as television, video resources and the Internet. Perception of the world is reverberated by the more indirect images of this world, whereas visuality is the formative principle of visual culture. «The «visual turn» consists in the shift of modern methods of verbal perception toward visual, or image ones.

Images are the components of the mental architecture. Image sensitivity replaces the text and sometimes it complements the text. Topical issues of visualization require modernised research methods of media images, which must be included in the broader context of interdisciplinary research.

The Internet space acquires an independent meaning, it carries a growing set of social interactions and contacts. With the development of the Internet business, the linear narratives are replaced by hypertextual and visual ones. The Internet can be viewed in “the postmodern situation» as a setting of global automation, and also as endless polyphonic communication of independent segments once a common cultural and information space. The most active Internet audience is presented by young people. Within them the formation of various subcultures and communities is inherent, there is a new system for structuring culture.

In the modern consumer society, along with other advertising media, products are increasingly becoming a source of visual differentiation and entertainment. The visual impact of online advertising is determined by the fact that it represents the lifestyle and values of the youth subculture, constructs a new perception and develops a new structure of consciousness and vision of the world of young people.

This work is devoted to the study of coping strategies in patients after blood stroke and traumatic brain injury. The disease is considered as a critical situation in a person’s life that requires the mobilisation of personal resources and coping. It is hypothesized that the coping strategies will vary depending on the etiology of the disease and the patient’s experience. On the basis of specific nosology data, the stages of the rehabilitation process (from 0.5 years to 1 year, 1 year to 3 years, and from 3 to 14 years) were identified. The study involved 78 patients under rehabilitation (primary or repeated rehabilitation) at the Center for Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation. The study identified coping styles in patients with different stages of the disease: in the first period, dysfunctional coping strategies prevail in all patients; in the second period, problem-focused strategies prevail in patients after traumatic brain injury; and dysfunctional coping strategies prevail in patients after blood stroke. In the third period, emotion-focused coping strategies predominate in all patients. Significant differences in coping strategies were obtained, depending on the length of the disease and the differences in trends between the groups of patients, with the etiology of the disease considered.

The results of this research will allow to build the typology of coping behaviour, reasoning goals, objectives and methods of psychological care to patients undergoing rehabilitation after blood stroke and traumatic brain injury.

At the beginning of the article the authors outlines a range of problems that practising psychologists are faced when they conclude contracts of psychological and psychiatric assistance, because they are not mentioned in the current Russian Legislation. The parties raise questions relating to the definition of the essential terms and conditions of the contract, the quality of the assistance provided, and legal liability.

The article provides a description of contracts for the provision of psychological support and psychiatric assistance from the standpoint of civil law: legal entities, subject, features of performance, liabilities of the parties in the contract are specified.

The sources which regulate psychological support and psychiatric assistance are identified, the Code of Ethics for psychologists among the sources regulating this activity is reviewed, the relationship between the Code of Ethics and the Federal Law is carried out.

The psychologist’s right (executor under the contract) to refuse to sign the contract or its execution is justified, the procedure and the legal consequences of such refusal is defined. The requirements of psychological (psychotherapeutic) support proved by laws and regulations and ethical standards are shown.

The authors examine the problems of legal regulation of relations, which practicing psychologists are frequently faced with in providing psychological and psychiatric assistance, including the use of modern telecommunications technology.

The requirements for psychological and psychotherapeutic services are often a matter of judgement. Due to the absence of clear (verified or measured) criteria, their quality is mainly determined by the correspondence of actual information stipulated in the contract.

Interview with the President of the International Union of Psychological Science at UNESCO (IUPsyS) Dr. Sathasivan Cooper On 22-27 July, 2012 in Cape Town, South Africa, the XXXth International Congress of Psychology “Psychology in the service of humanity” was held. Dr. Sathasivan Cooper, a former vice chancellor and rector of the University of Durban-Westville was elected a new President of the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS). He kindly agreed to tell us about his vision of further psychology development.

Professor Cooper said the main problems the International Union of Psychological Science at UNESCO is faced with for the upcoming four years, current trends of psychological research, the prospects for expanding the EuroPsy system and promoting it to other non-European countries. He answers the question which of the Russian psychological research are interesting to him personally and to the international community on the whole. He talks about the prospects of the “International Psychological Journal”. According to Dr. Sathasivan Cooper, the key project that will affect the psychology of its clinical aspects and directions, is the further revision of the International Classification of Diseases (“International Classification of Disorders” (ICD), developed by the World Health Organization (WHO)). IUPsyS held a psychological campaign, which resricted the dominance of psychiatry in the course of this review.

Dr. Cooper answeres the following question: which of the Russian psychological research are interesting to him personally and to the international psychological community as a whole. He put emphasis on the works that fall into A.R. Luria’s paradigm, which are of great importance, and a wide range of applications throughout the world, particularly against the background of neuropsychology development in some countries. Russia must regain its former high position both in this sphere and in other areas of psychological research. The new president of the International Union of Psychological Science told the audience about the prospects of the «International Journal of Psychology», which is well-known in all countries..

The paper is devoted to the capabilities of eye movement recording technologies (eye-tracking) in the psychological preparation of athletes. The advantages of using eye-tracking in sport psychology are as follows: the ability to «see through the eyes of an athlete» ongoing training and / or the competitive challenge, the possibility of combining eye movement recording with other instrumental methods (methods of EEG measuring, GSR biofeedback technology, virtual reality, etc.), high ecological validity of experiments using eye tracking mobile systems, the ability to use eye tracking systems not only for diagnostic purposes, but also for training athletes. In chronological order, there are examples of practical implementation of eye-tracking systems in foreign and domestic sport psychology: the results of the eye-tracking in games and precise sports, martial arts and other sports are described.

The results of an experimental application of eye movement recording systems in climbing are considered. In particular, the paper discusses the possibility of using the eyetracking technology in teaching athletes effective strategies for visual search when previewing the climbing route. The results of express survey among rock climbers and mountaineers (N = 120 ) on the importance of the preview and analysis of climbing routes before their actual performance. The experiment using eye-tracking technology was conducted at the artificial relief. 23 climbers participated in the experiment. In this paper we use «Eye-tracking glasses SMI» mobile eye tracking system. As a result, visual strategies that are c

The article discusses the problems of cyborgization and disability as a consequence of technological extensions of human. Cyborgization is the process of combining man and machine, which is accompanied by substitution of natural body functions and human mind. Technological media have become integral human prostheses, and their loss leads to disability of a human and poses a threat to his\her identity. Understanding the impact of technology on a human being a representative of the information community is supposed to begin with rejecting an approach based on their neutral attitude to a person. There are three main trends in modern technology.

The first one is the complete denial of the latter and is deemed as completely hostile to a person (neo-luddism), the second one is based on the maximum convergence of human and machine intelligence (transhumanism), and the third one is the intermediate position which dwells upon “peaceful” coexistence of human and technology, and development of mechanisms to adapt to the technological reality of the information society.

The author wonders whether M. Heidegger’s idea that technology has become a European man’s destiny and challenge of being can help us find the possibility to avoid fatal scenarios of developing relationship of extremely technologically extended human and extremely humanised machines. Finding an answer to another question whether it is possible to make a person happy with the merging of technologies is the key to understanding further development of technological extension of humans.

There can be only one conclusion: remaining an enigma for its incomprehensible nature or a dream of percieving it and submission of technological advances, the technology and a human being always remain separated.

The paper considers motivation and values of natural geography students. Data on motivation and values of students’ future career and their dynamics from 1st to 5th course is described.

The study of motivation and value orientation of students of chemistry, biology and geography was carried out in the Dniester Moldavian Republic at the Department of Natural Geography of the Dniester Shevchenko State University. The study allowed the development of a psychological support program for the professional development of students at all grade levels in higher school.

The author analyses motivation for choosing a future career and for studying in higher school and their interrelations with valuable students’ orientations are examined. It has significant value during organization of the psychological support actions which are directed to students’ psychological support. The study of value orientations and life spheres revealed that for young people in the early professional development, the most important parts of life are the professional sphere, material well-being and self-development. By the end of training value orientations of students correspond to the social economic relations that are dominant in society: spiritual values that are important at the beginning of training and the values of self-development are replaced by social ones.

The study allows the development of a psychological support program for the professional development of students at all grade levels in high school, which is aimed at supplying them with information, developing motivation and value orientation on the future professional activity and promotes self-awareness in the career they have chosen.

Specific features of temporal perspective and value-semantic orientations (including consistency of relevant values and their availability) in high-school students depending on the type of dominant motivation was studied.

For all students, it is shown that time perspective of their aspirations and desires differs by depth, length and positive orientation to the future, but these representations are qualitative specifics depending on the type of dominant motivation. For the group of students with achievement motivation and learning and cognitive motivation, values of educational activity are well coordinated and are seen as a means of realizing long-term goals for adulthood.

For the group of students with affiliation motivation, prestige and competition, values of learning are often accompanied by internal conflicts and vacuums. In high school students with the prevailing cognitive motivation the near future is associated with the values of freedom, self-confidence, self-improvment, overcoming obstacles, friends.

Their aspirations in the distant future are related to self-development, self-improvement with achieving success and confidence. Students with competitive motivation are characterized by a large number of targets in the distant future, without reference to a specific time and implementation, i.e. their school-life motivation decreases.

Aspirations of students with self-reinforcing learning motivation in the near future are most often focused on studies, but they are associated with a desire to achieve quite definite exam results.

To their mind, distant future is associated with overcoming obstacles and status and competitive values. Students with affiliation motivation associate their distant future with career, and also with status and competitive values of «authority», «to be better than others». Their motivation associated with the present and the immediate future period of school life also decreases.

The article presents the results of a pilot psychophysiological research based on the analysis of changes of brain activity and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) of the human while giving up smoking using the method proposed by the Russian researcher V.M. Zakharov. The method is based on the theory of the gradual development of higher mental functions proposed by P.Ya. Galperin.

16 subjects (8 males and 8 females) took part in the psychophysiological experiments. In the analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral composition, the absolute values of alpha-rhythm powers (in electrodes O2-A2, O1-A1, P4-A2, P3-A1) and beta-rhythm (in electrodes F4-A2, F3-A1) were taken into account. ANS activity of was estimated on the basis of the electrocardiogram analysis. Participant’s functional state was valued according to the psychological testing procedure «Health, Energy, and Mood» (HEM). According to the results of the pilot study, it was revealed that the functional state of the nervous system (estimated by EEG and ANS parameters) and the subjective (psychological) state (evaluated according to HEM) during smoking and during quitting smoking depend not only on the duration of tobacco addiction, but also on the smoker’s attitude to the entire process of smoking. Cognitive activity during smoking (controlling the amount of smoked tobacco) looks like an “instrument” that returns to a smoker his/her original functional state of a «non-smoker» and thereby facilitates the process of giving up smoking. The obtained data are preliminary and require further clarification. Over the long term, they can be used to develop «psychological strategy» in smoking control.

The paper analyses the main achievements and development trends of the national psychology of thinking in the second half of the twentieth century from the point of view of the activity approach. This approach has been implemented in various forms (firstly by S.L. Rubinstein and his followers, secondly by A.N. Leontiev and his followers). The paper summarises and compares the results of long-term cycles of theoretical and experimental studies, and also confirms the synthesis of productivity based upon conceptions of thinking as a process and as an activity according to these research schools.

Based on the principle of the unity of consciousness and activity the authors emphasize the need of thinking in the context of the various activities and claim that the developed thinking should be studied as a separate, self-regulated function of the person with a multi-level psychological determination which presupposes goal-setting, motivational and emotional, meaningful, and reflective functions. The increasing role of the study of the subject of thought, and in a wider sense the cognitive activity in the context of the analysis of mental development (in history, ontogenesis and actual genesis) is being stressed in the paper. It involves identifying both general and specific patterns of micro genesis and macro genesis of thinking.

The restrictions of the rapidly developing informational approach developed by cognitive sciences, inability to reduce the psychological reality to the model laid down in the artificial intelligence systems are being proved in the paper. It is argued that the main feature of thinking as a process is its continuity, which is conceptually genetic (non- disjunctive and non-dichotomous item) in contrast with the separate cycles of any computer programme: all stages of the thinking process is continuously followed by another one, and therefore, being objectively different, they are indivisible, they are mutually determined by the dynamics of intellectual and emotional processes and their products that are attributable to the different levels of awareness and arbitrariness.

At the same time, the paper emphasizes the fact that in modern conditions the intellectual activity produced and processed by computers plays a new significant object of psychological research, as the human societal progress of requires substantial advance in the study of thinking. Considering the rapid dissemination of science-based (physiological, logical and mathematical, cybernetic, sociological) reductionism the authors call for a reorientation of research in the psychology of thinking. First and foremost, they offer to study creative, non-algorithmic, non-formalised components (i.e., to analyze the personal aspect of thinking, which determins patterns of generating and operating new needs, motives, emotions, judgments, meanings, purposes and methods of thinking activity). In this paper we prove a significant advantage of the activity approach methodology, its heuristic approach and prospects to disclose specific features of intricate psychological forms of human thinking.

The author of the paper raises the issue concerning the need for a more profound theoretical and methodological foundations of health psychology as a new developing area of psychological knowledge, with special emphasis on the research potential of the cultural activity paradigm. The model of psychological research of health, based on the general psychological ideas of L.S.Vygotsky, A.N.Leontiev, S.L.Rubinstein, P.Y.Galperin and others, is proposed.

Human health as a higher mental function is the base of the model. Levels of regulating the individual’s interaction with the outer world are marked out. The formation of a coherent and consistent system of functioning of the levels is considered as a basis of general and psychological health of a person. According to the author the basic mental disorders of a man are connected with the change of the initial conditions of mental regulation (which were developed in the process of biological evolution) and subsequent change of the role of psyche in the conditions of social life. The author suggests a hypothesis of the connection between psychosomatic disorders and the mechanism dysfunction of mental image-based regulation of behavior. The existence of a close connection between physical and social health of a man is stated. The notion of “social physiology” is introduced.

This paper considers the issues of copyright protection of intellectual property, produced and consumed in the area of psychology as psychological diagnostics. Getting to the consideration of copyright in psychodiagnostics, the author finds it necessary to focus on the very concept of copyright and its forms, and then, based on this knowledge, to turn to the analysis of the intellectual activity used in psychodiagnostics.

Considerable attention is given to the review and analysis of the concept of copyright as a case of intellectual property created in the psycho-diagnostics, and also classification of copyright objects and the order of their consumption in scientific, educational and law enforcement researchers and psychologists. Much attention is paid to the legal protection of works produced by foreign scientists and official development psychologists. Basic copyright and compliance mechanisms for the consumption of tests, questionnaires, techniques, computer programs, etc. are described. Cases of free use of works made for hire in psychological diagnostics are provided. A difficult problem of protecting creative art is analyzed. From this position, various aspects of the concept are considered.

Depending on the fact whether the newly created work is based on products that existed before, it is possible to distinguish an original, derivative, or compiled product. The original is a work within which every form element is created by a particular author or authors without borrowed elements.

This paper considers the issues of copyright protection of intellectual property, produced and consumed in the area of psychology as psychological diagnostics. Getting to the consideration of copyright in psychodiagnostics, the author finds it necessary to focus on the very concept of copyright and its forms, and then, based on this knowledge, to turn to the analysis of the intellectual activity used in psychodiagnostics.

Considerable attention is given to the review and analysis of the concept of copyright as a case of intellectual property created in the psycho-diagnostics, and also classification of copyright objects and the order of their consumption in scientific, educational and law enforcement researchers and psychologists. Much attention is paid to the legal protection of works produced by foreign scientists and official development psychologists. Basic copyright and compliance mechanisms for the consumption of tests, questionnaires, techniques, computer programs, etc. are described. Cases of free use of works made for hire in psychological diagnostics are provided. A difficult problem of protecting creative art is analyzed. From this position, various aspects of the concept are considered. Depending on the fact whether the newly created work is based on products that existed before, it is possible to distinguish an original, derivative, or compiled product. The original is a work within which every form element is created by a particular author or authors without borrowed elements.

The aim of the study is to identify the qualitative features in the development of speech and expressive activity in children with various kinds of visual design. The notion of visual design in psychology lacks operational application. It is associated with such mental functions as planning, goal setting, unconsciousness and voluntary regulation.

The following research objectives were identified: to conceptualise the notion of visual design for children in pre-school age, to identify the main stages of its development and to determine the characteristics of graphic activity development at each stage. The study of fine arts activity involves analysis of narration which accompanies image drawing.

The paper identifies the stages of image plot development in preschool children: the image plot is not an interim plan, template plot, holistic plot. The periods of image plot will complement the existing classification (O. Dyachenko, Y. Poluyanov). The quality of drawing is dependent on the image plot, the ability to produce images of perception, the level of sign-symbolic substitution depends on image plot. The image plot is significantly correlates with the level of sign-symbolic substitution when a child composes his/her own story. To analyze children’s activity is necessary to consider the process of creating a drawing, which is accompanied by narration. In the paper the specific features of drawing a picture by children with different levels of image plot are described. Speech activity indicators in children with different levels of image plot are revealed.

Dear colleagues, here is the regular issue of the “National Psychological Journal”.

The year of 2013 was a landmark in many ways not only for scholars of psychology, but also for the Russian science in general.

The basic domains of qualitative social psychological research, namely social representations, social identity, attitudes, values and ideology, collective memory, the psychology of the environment are considered. Based on the fact that the range of problems of modern social psychology is largely determined by the so-called “social cognition paradigm” the author puts forward an idea about the psychology of social cognition, i.e. everyday consciousness, its functions, values, specific features of studying. The relation between theory and method in psychological research in the context of cognitive, linguistic and historical “turn” in the history of social psychology is discussed. The definition of qualitative research in the paradigm of social cognition is given.The theory of social representations by S. Moscovici is analysed. The cases of qualitative research carried out in the paradigm of this theory, as well as studies of social identity, attitudes, values and ideology, are reviewed. A theory of discourse is outlined and the author’s own method of discourse analysis is worked out. The author also dwells on the subject of innovation in social psychology. New directions of qualitative research development related to spatial and temporal aspects of social cognition are set, that is the way of “vital” environment and the collective (social) memory.

To sum up, the conducted theoretical and methodological analysis of the subject areas of qualitative research in psychology allows us to consider the relationship of subject and method. Thus, the definition of the subject of qualitative research is the starting point of the discussion of methodological problems.

The authors give an idea of two models of modern preschool education: artificially accelerative model, where the logic of pre-school education is replaced by formal studies that simulate school learning, and developmental education model that takes into account the rich potential of preschool age.

In the paper the authors solve two problems: first they demonstrate the implementation of the first and second mixed models of preschool education in England and secondly they analyze the role of child psychologists in solving the problems that arise in the implementation of this model. The system of pre-school education and training in England is outlined. An account of public institutions where it is carried out, and in which of them the program is presented, is given. It is shown what professions (educators, psychologists, medical personnel, etc.) are involved in the English system of preschool education, and what functions they perform.

The paper describes which goals are set in child care centers of England, and what means they use to solve them. The authors analyze the logic of the transition from preschool to school education system in England. They provide how and what professional organizations are incentivising the transition and how the accompanying psychological problems are solved.

The role of psychologists in solving problems that arise in the implementation of a particular model of the English preschool education is studied. As the standard position of psychologist is not registered with a kindergarten or primary school, psychologists do not produce direct influence, but only produce indirect impact on the system of early childhood care and education in the course of problem solutions.