Lomonosov Psychology Journal, 2011, 2, 164.

The phenomenon of xenophobia is analysed comprehensively. Its distribution at different historical stages of human development is traced. Considerable attention is paid to the psychological component of the xenophobic consciousness.

The role of spiritual psychological practice in building personal tolerance attitudes is shown. Some classical psychotherapeutic techniques, as well as psychological practice, formed in different religious confessions, especially Buddhism and Orthodoxy, are considered. Particular attention is paid to the Buddhist techniques of working consciousness.

The results of cross-cultural study of the national preferences in high school students when choosing friends, conducted in 2010 by the Institute of Education Sociology in collaboration with Riga Academy of Pedagogy and Education Administration, are analysed.

It is shown how ethnic tolerance is understood and what methods can be used to diagnose it. The results of a longitudinal study whose aim is to identify ethnic tolerance in the Russian citizens to Lithuanians are analysed.

The history of scientific conflict discourse based on the analysis of philosophic studies, social psychology, economics, and evolutionary biology is shown. The main current theories concerning the conflicts in society and ways to resolve them are considered. The views of local and foreign scientists in the paradigm of tolerance and the perspectives of building tolerant behavior in modern society are presented.

The system dynamic model of security as a type of activity performance is described. The model is constructed in relation to the national psychology methodological traditions (cultural, historical, historical and evolutionary approaches and also activity approach), which allows to apply the heuristic potential of these approaches to the study of topical issues of human security, society and state.

The problem of modern immigration in Russia, what it is caused by, possible positive and negative consequences are considered. Possible ways of integrating migrants into Russian society are shown. The boundaries of tolerance are defined. Ways to combat migration phobia are proposed.

The principles of building tolerant attitudes in the Russian society which are developed on the basis of the social constructionism methods, evolutionary and cultural and historical approaches to the study of complex systems, concepts of social action and social risk are outlined. The theoretical and practical requirements of modern society are thoroughly and comprehensively analysed.

Changes in the information space are highlighted. Its role in providing psychological security of personality is shown. The modern mass media as a powerful tool both for building tolerance attitudes in society and for inciting xenophobia, discrimination, promotion of inter-group hostility are considered. The mechanism how negative information produces harmful effects on the human psyche is explained. The principles of adequate and effective operation of the media in covering terrorist attacks and other tragic events are performed.

A social project to build tolerance is presented. The scientific and practical events (conferences, round tables, etc.), which preceded the project implementation and held in the course of its implementation, are given an account of. The main results of theoretical and analytical work carried out under the project are shown.

The idea of multicultural education, which allows the transition from the culture of violence and xenophobia to the culture of tolerance is considered. Features, basic principles and objectives of social and cultural technologies for tolerance adoption as conduct codes in society are shown.

The nature of terrorism as an extreme situation in modern risk society of is analysed. The interconnection between terrorism and xenophobia, discrimination and the spread of intolerance attitudes are shown. Possible ways of searching for effective measures to manage xenophobia risk, combating the ideology of terrorism and accepting tolerance as an essential basis of interaction between individuals and groups in society.

The nature and meaning of tolerance as a philosophical concept are analysed. Various concepts and theories relating to tolerance, its boundaries, guidelines and its internal content that exist in society from the time of St. Augustine to the present day are highlighted.

The role of mass media in spreading the ideas of tolerance and multiculturalism in society is analysed. Challenges they are faced w in connection with the relevant issue are formulated.

The article provides a brief excursion into the history of interethnic conflicts. The article describes the concepts of tolerance and xenophobia. Their role in the development of complex systems, and the human society in particular, is distinguished. The importance of building tolerance attitudes to provide a full harmonious human life, various social groups and mankind on the whole in a changing world is emphasized.

The results of polls to reveal features of emigration plans among high school students in Moscow and Riga are analysed. The dependence of adolescents' emigration plans on various factors (family income, parental education, ethnic and religious affiliation, national status, social and psychological climate, emotional issues, etc.) is shown.