Взаимосвязь метапознания и регуляторных функций в детстве: культурно-исторический контекст

Аннотация

Краткое описание проблемы. Обзор посвящен взаимосвязи регуляторных функций и метапознания в контексте культурно-исторической перспективы. На материале проведенных за последние 15 лет исследований показана общность и различия указанных конструктов. Отдельное внимание уделяется развитию регуляторных функций и метапознания, их связи с академической успешностью детей, роль социального аспекта в их становлении. Показана значимость взрослого в направленном формировании метапознания и саморегуляции, что подтверждает положения культурно-исторической теории. В рамках культурно-исторической парадигмы рассматривается несколько механизмов развития регуляторных функций: подражание, основанное на понимании; знаковое опосредствование; а также общение в социальной ситуации развития. Л.С. Выготский отмечал, что высшие психические функции возникают на основе реальных взаимодействий людей, интериоризируются, превращаясь в психологические функции.

Выводы. В обзоре установлено, что одной из распространенных моделей структуры регуляторных функций является модель, которая включает в себя такие компоненты как «рабочую память», «сдерживающий контроль» и «когнитивную гибкость». 

На основании проведенного анализа можно утверждать влияние концепции Ж. Пиаже на исследования развития регуляторных функций. Известную сложность вызывает объяснение эмоциональной регуляции в контексте проблем метапознания. Вместе с тем Л.С. Выготский говорил о единстве аффекта и интеллекта, что позволяет предположить существование управления поведением и в частности эмоциональными процессами на уровне метакогнитивных процессов.

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