We propose an approach to the analysis of the psychological mechanism of downshifting on the basis of the model of subjective quality of life. The use of the concept subjective quality of life allows us to approach the development of a model of the psychological mechanism of downshifting and conduct on her holistic analysis of this phenomenon. The model of subjective quality of life criteria are emotional and rational life satisfaction. A necessary condition for the downshifting is a low level of emotional life satisfaction, while the level of rational life satisfaction may be at a high enough level. An important element of objective analysis of downshifting is to modify the subjective component of quality of life as human potential, which determines the rating of the downshifting of the subject his social environment.
The problem of age-psychological aspects of professional civil
servant destruction is considered. The main stages of development of moral
readiness of the worker for work with strong risks of professional destructions
are singled out. Characteristics of “forced” and “natural” professional destruction
by civil servants are given.
The article discusses the problem of responsibility in the exercise of professional self-determination in adolescence. The value of the moral values of the personality as the basis of professional self-determination and the assumption of responsibility for the choice is discussed. The personal components of responsibility are singled out - autonomy and moral character.
The article discusses the problem of understanding the construct
of “employee engagement in the organization” in scientific and practical literature.
It is shown that the concept of “organizational commitment”, “organizational
citizenship behavior”, “organizational identification” and “work engagement”
are often seen as overlapping with the construct of “employee engagement in
the organization”. There is also a variety of concepts describing the relationship
of the employee with the organization, which creates terminological confusion
and difficulties for their practical use. It is proposed to merge the concept of
“identification”, “commitment to organization” and “work engagement” in a
more general notion of “involvement of employees in the organization”. Briefly
describe the results of two empirical studies that partly confirm the heuristic
character of this approach.
The purpose of the cycle of works — analysis of the syndromes
of occupational stress, developing in the context of the implementation of the
various modern types of labor, and individually-personal characteristics of the
working of the human factors that determine resistance to stressful conditions
of activity on the part of ensuring the success of the work safety of mental
health and personal well-being. Describes two developed in the framework
of structural-integrative approach to the stress analysis of a comprehensive
technology for stress management: “Integrated assessment and correction of
stress” and “Individual assessment of stress resistance”. Characterized by their application to solve practical problems in the prevention and correction of stress
conditions of different types of labor.
The article presents the results of a study of the relationship of
parent-child relationships teenagers and young men with the status of identity
in professional identity. Revealed that the predominant identity statuses in the
professional sphere in youth are achieved identity, moratorium and predestination;
in adolescence — a moratorium, predestination and diffuse identity. Significant
differences in the nature of the parent-child relationship in groups with statuses
predestination, achieved identity, moratorium and diffused identity. For teenagers
and young men with low status (diffuse identity, predestination) is characterized
by the experience of the integrity of the relationship with the family in direct
command of a parent and low autonomy of children. Adolescents with the status
of the moratorium relationships with parents are characterized by a high level
of autonomy and differentiation from the parental home often combined with
high conflict and confrontation. Integration with family at a sufficiently high
autonomy, respect the opinions of parents of typical teenagers and young men with the status of achieved identity. The gender specificity, reflecting the different
roles of the mother and father in the formation of identity among girls and boys
is revealed. The results show the decisive role of the father in the formation of
identity statuses for both gender groups.
This study focuses on the perception of own career on the stage of its completion. Respondents: 30 women and men at the age from 52 to 67 years, professionals in different fields of professional activities. Research methods: interviewing, questionnaires, more options for methods of “Ranking of life values” and “Incomplete sentences”. The resulting materials were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis. The main priorities of respondents in this age group, the strategy and motivation of their professional conduct, resources for employment, and requests for psychological assistance are identified. External and internal factors influencing the formation of strategy of behavior in retirement are established. The material characterizing the image of career in the final stage can be used in psychological consulting practice.
The phenomenon of presence is the subjective sense of realistic interaction with the virtual environment. Presence is an important factor in the effectiveness of the use of virtual reality systems. On the occurrence and severity of presence phenomenon influenced by both technological and psychological factors, including cognitive control. Special influence on the emergence of the phenomenon of presence can have a system of monitoring and correction of errors associated with detection and neutralization of differences between expected and actual results of the cognitive activities. It examined the extent to which the effectiveness of monitoring and error correction (estimated through the effects of slowing down after an error and adapt to the conflict) is related to the aspects of the presence phenomenon. For high-immersive (CAVE) and lowimmersive (standard display) environments, it was shown that (1) efficient error correction prevents the negative physical effects associated with the working in a virtual environment, and (2) effective detection of cognitive conflicts prevent the emergence of the phenomenon of presence through detecting unnatural virtual scenario. In low-immersive environment conflict detection also prevented the formation of emotional involvement in a virtual scenario.
The article discusses the main ideas and provisions of the
phenomenological-hermeneutic approach to professional development
as opposed objectivism psycho-diagnostic methods (tests) and formative
approaches. The principle of subjectivity/authorship and moral relationship to
ongoing activities are introduces. Available psycho-technics guides and supports
the efforts of the “adept” (people who chose the field of their future professional
activity) on personal relation to the objectives and the course of his professional
development.
The article presents the results of a study of ideas about life success of teenagers. The sample of our study consisted of 500 students of 10-11 classes of the Moscow schools and gymnasiums. The greatest attention is paid to the analysis of success in the profession on the implementation of subjects of projective techniques. The analysis of examples of successful people has allowed highlighting the most significant areas of professional activity, as well as basic assessment criteria of success. So, the most popular examples of successful people for teenagers are the businessmen who have earned the status with the development of computer technologies, representatives of show-business and politics. Analysis of representations of teenagers about their future in 15 years allowed identifying criteria that are most important for the adolescents in the assessment of the future success of their professional activities. Gender differences in perceptions of professional and life success are analyzed.
The article discusses the possibility of using the subjective semantics as a basis for the proposed E.A. Klimov classification of occupations based on the differentiation of working relations of man to the objects of the world. In the scientific school of E.Yu. Artemieva this classification is understood as a typology of a replacement reality, which is revealed through the ways of free descriptions of objects and metaphorical interpretation of semantic differential scales. Correlation of semantics with a professional affiliation will allow us to predict the degree of conformity of man to the world of professions.
The Young Adults group (N=115) was chosen for the research. The qualitative data analysis has shown practically no significant correlations between selfactualization and egocentricity. Nevertheless, there were a few moderate and weak correlations between egocentricity and few selfactualization test scales what make us to consider selfactualization and egocentricity as complicated phenomena, which are connected with various factors such as labor activity, gender and age.
The article represented the results of the comparative study of personal characteristics of adolescents with and without experience of sexual relations. Sample: 405 students (SaintPetersburg) at the age of 14—16 years: 228 sexually active (128 boys and 100 girls) and 177 non-sexually active (100 boys and 77 girls). Used techniques: “Teenagers about parents” by L . Wasserman, I. Gorkova, E. Romycin; Multifactor personality inventory “FPI” (form B) by I. Fainberg, H. Sarg, R. Gampel; Gordon Personal Inventory; “Selfactualization test” in the adaptation of the Y. Aleshina, L. Gozman, M. Zaika, M. Croz; The testquestionnaire selfrelation by V. Stolin, “The analysis of family relations” by E. Eidemiller, V. Ustitskis and author’s questionnaire. All the adolescents with sexual relations are distinguished from nonsexually active cause of high sociability, tendency to dominance and vigor. An additional factor that provokes a sexual relationship is an emotional distance from parents.
It was shown in our previous researches, that such styles of parenting, like overprotection and overexactingness, contribute to formation of three children abnormal personality types: oriented on external help, oriented on compliance of own behaviour with other people requirements and oriented on protest against such compliance. These personality types are the most important factors influencing the occurrence of parentchild problems. The present study included adults (n=54; age 18—40), who asked for psychological consultation with their personal problems. The analysis of consulting cases detected that 42 of 54 clients (78%) were educated with overprotection or overexactingness style of parenting in their childhood. These clients had the same abnormal personality types that had the children from families of psychological consultation clients with parentchild problems, educated with the same parenting style. It was shown, that abnormal personality types, formed in childhood, influenced the formation of large amount of personal problems in adulthood."
Article presents results of empirical study focused on cultural differences in preferences of conflict interaction tactics in conflicts with high power and equal partner, in interpersonal and business relations. Hypotheses: Characteristics of conflict situation (type of relations, differences in social status, content of conflict) influence on manifestation of cultural differences in conflict interaction. Sample: 125 Dutch students (mean age: 21.62), 146 Russian students (mean age: 20.15). Method: “Conflict situations” (Sinelnikova, Wigboldus). Participants were presented with conflict stories in business and interpersonal context with equal and high power partners. Research has shown that characteristics of conflict situation: power distance, type of relations, content of conflict situation, influenced on manifestation of cultural differences in conflict tactics preferences). Results demonstrated that Russian students expressed their feelings and confronted more in family conflict, Dutch students – in conflicts, initiated by violation of social norms. Russians and Dutch students demonstrated equal readiness to cooperate with partner in conflict. However Dutch students preferred direct tactics, and Russian students preferred irony.
The paper presents the analysis of developmental changes in executive functions in early schoolchildren. 117 first-graders (7.62±0.45 y.o.) 86 third-graders (9.64±0.4 y.o.) participated in the study. Qualitative neuropsychological assessment and computerbased tests were used to evaluate the development of executive functions. The comparison of results in first and third graters reveals a significant improvement of temporal characteristics and accuracy of performance of the tests. The results may be evidence of the significant development of executive functions in the primary school age. In addition it is shown that the results of neuropsychological assessment and computer methods may be used as reliable predictors of learning disabilities
The article contains an overview of the program developed by the authors for improving reliability of students’ performance in the exam situation by means of conscious self-regulation. It also provides the results of the program’s efficiency experimental verification on the sample of 57 students (17-18 years) of the 11th grade of a Moscow Secondary School. The multiscale questionnaire “Learning Activity Self-Regulation Style” (SSUD-M, Morosanova) and Russian adaptation of Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI, Spilberger) were used for diagnostics. The obtained data analysis revealed statistically significant changes in the regulatory parameters and anxiety indicators in the experimental and control groups (29 and 28 pers. accordingly). Experimental group demonstrated increased value of regulatory parameters of modelling, evaluation, flexibility, reliability, responsibility, and general level of self-regulation as well as decreased values of disquiet and general anxiety levels. Comparing the academic grades, primary and final state exam marks showed, that experimental group demonstrated higher reliability of educational actions than control group. The effectiveness of the practical application of program for developing conscious self-regulation as a means of improving the reliability of educational actions in exam situations considered to be experimentally proved.
Purpose of the study: to highlight the conditions social environment, identified (understood) the representatives of different social groups as resources success subject throughout his professional career. Results of the survey are analyzed in the article 147 respondents (managers, accountants, entrepreneurs) aged 31-47 years, m=39.2 research questionnaire dynamics of professional formation of the subject. The survey was conducted in 2010-2013 years in situations of paid forms of vocational training. The Division of the sample into groups (male/female managers/professionals) and use compare and multiple regression analysis revealed allocated specific social groups in the structure and dynamics of mainstreaming the environment as resources. The study revealed that the respondents holding senior positions (executives) range of non-subjective resources is quite wide and variable. Consistent actual different environments as a professional development resource for professional actors (from 20 to 65 years) carries a high level of professionalism, its dynamic growth and long preservation with social success generally. From less realized respondents’ range of non-subjective conditions as resources relatively narrow; they are characterized by a reliance on parent resources.
This paper presents the results of empirical research of the interaction between career motivation, self-monitoring and generational differences. Data were collected from 142 full-time newcomers of two organizations in Saint-Petersburg. The following questionnaires were used: the self-monitoring scale developed by Snyder M.; the career anchors scale developed by Schein E., which was extended by the patriotism scale from the culture appeal questionnaire developed by Snetkov V. as well as the organizational commitment questionnaire developed by Porter. L. Results indicate the self-monitoring and career anchors significant differences among three generations: Baby Boomers (1946—1964), Generation X (1965—1983), Generation Y (1984 or later) as well as their influence for on-boarding outcomes. This research shows that Baby Boomers and Generation X have more adaptable characteristics toward achieving organizational socialization. Generation Y is harder to integrate into corporate structures as this group has own social attitudes and assumptions about organization life.
