Psychological determinants of the development of reliability among employees of EMERCOM of Russia

Introduction. During the period of modern socio-economic reform, the requirements for the professional qualities of employees in all spheres of life are increasing. In this context, the professional qualities of specialists in extreme professions attract the attention of researchers in order to find answers to the in-demand requests coming from both practitioners and society (M.Sh. Magomed-Eminov, V.D. Nebylitsyn, V.V. Rybnikov, Yu.S. Shoigu, etc.). The study of the development of reliability as a personal and professional quality of employees at the Russian Emergencies Ministry remains a little-studied and urgent issue for psychological science.

The goal is to identify psychological determinants that contribute to/hinder the development of reliability of employees at the Russian Emergencies Ministry in the course of their professional activities.

Methods and sample. The sample consisted of 156 people (men, aged 20 to 45 years, active employees of fire and rescue units of the EMERCOM of Russia, in Moscow).

Research methods included expert assessments, a Mini-cartoon test, a 16-factor personality questionnaire by R. Kettell, Leary's Interpersonal Behavior Circle, a “Trust-distrust” technique (A.B. Kupreichenko), a “Subjective assessment of interpersonal relations” technique (S.V. Dukhnovsky).

Results and conclusions. Psychological determinants that contribute to/hinder the development of reliability of employees of the Emergencies Ministry of Russia, as well as personal characteristics of employees that negatively affect the content and mechanisms of reliability development were identified. As a result of the conducted research, we can draw a general conclusion that the socio-psychological training resulted in forming personal self-regulation skills in extreme conditions, ensuring psychological stability, stimulating activity, developing communication skills, team building, updating the resource potential of the individual, expanding models of constructive interaction. The development of motivation, goals, values of professional activity succeeded, as evidenced by qualitative, quantitative and statistical results.

References

1. Alekseev, D.E. (2016). Functional reliability as an interdisciplinary problem, its place in the system of ensuring the reliability of a specialist. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta MVD Rossii (Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia), 8, 228–231. (In Russ.).

2. Bodrov, V.A. (2006). Psychology of professional fitness. Textbook for universities. Moscow, PERSE. (In Russ.).

3. Brooks, S.K., Dunn, R., Amlôt, R., Greenberg, N., Rubin, G.J. (2018). Training and post-disaster interventions for the psychological impacts on disaster-exposed employees: a systematic review. Journal of Mental Health, 28(6), 1–25. doi: 10.1080/09638237.2018.1437610

4. Klimov, E.A., Noskova, O.G., Bodrov, V.A., Ananyev, B.G. (2012). Psychological foundations of professional activity. Textbook. Moscow: Per Se. (In Russ.).

5. Koval, N.A. (2011). Socio-psychological foundations of personality spirituality. Vestnik Tambovskogo gosudarstvennogo Universiteta (Bulletin of Tambov State University), 8, 23–28. (In Russ.).

6. Kruk, V.M. (2013). Psihologicheskoe obespechenie lichnostnoi nadezhnosti specialist silovih struktur: Diss. … kand. psychol. nauk. (Psychological support of personal reliability of a specialist of power structures). PhD (Psychology). Moscow, IIC. (In Russ.).

7. Kubyshko, V.L., Kruk, V.M., Vakhnina, V.V., Fedotov, A.Yu. (2020). To the problem of psychological support of professional reliability of a specialist of power structures. Psihologiya i pravo (Psychology and law), 10(4), 18–32. (In Russ.).

8. Magomed-Eminov M.S. (2011). Extreme psychology. Moscow: PARF. (In Russ.).

9. Mao, X., Hu, X., Loke, A.Y. (2021). A Concept Analysis on Disaster Resilience in Rescue Workers: The Psychological Perspective. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 10, 1–10. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2021.157

10. Morosanova, V.I. Gaidamashko, I.V., Chistyakova, S.N., Кondratyuk, N.G., Burmistrova-Savenkova, A.V. (2017). Regulatory and personality predictors of the reliability of professional actions. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 10(4), 195–207. (in Russ.)

11. Nebylitsin, V.D. (1961). To the reliability of the human operator's work in automated systems. Voprosy psihologii (Issues of psychology), 6, 9–18. (In Russ.).

12. Olefir, V.A. (2014). The influence of personal potential on the reliability of a rescuer's actions in emergency situations. Lichnost’ v ekstremal’nih usloviyah i krizisnih situaciyah zhiznedeyatel’nosti (Personality in extreme conditions and crisis situations of life), 4, 188–195. (In Russ.).

13. Pawlowski, W, Lasota, D., Goniewicz, K., Goniewicz, M., Okonska, P. (2018). Personality and education profiles of emergency rescuer. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 8(6), 173–185. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1256504

14. Petrov, N.N. (2017). Analysis of indicators of professional reliability of the subject of labor in the research of domestic scientists. Vestnik Kostromskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Pedagogika. Psihologiya. Sociokinetika (Bulletin of Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics), 3, 82–85. (In Russ.).

15. Rybnikov, V.Yu. (2000). Psychological forecasting of the reliability of the activity of extreme specialists. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg un-t of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. (In Russ.).

16. Sarychev, S.V. (2011). Socio-psychological factors of reliability of small groups. Saarbrücken: LAP Lambert. (In Russ.).

17. Savinkov, S.N. (2019). The problem of studying reliability as a personal and professional quality of a person in psychological science. Mir nauki. Pedagogikai i psihologiya (The world of science. Pedagogy and psychology), 2, 60. (In Russ.).

18. Savinkov, S.N. (2018). Socio-psychological training as a method of developing personal and professional qualities of employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. Novoe v psihologo-pedagogicheskih issledovaniyah (New in psychological and pedagogical research), 2(50), 51–62. (In Russ.).

19. Simonova, N.N., Mastrenko, A.S., Sultanova, F.R., Gubaidulina, L.M., Barabanshchikova, V.V. (2020). Personal reliability of rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and their professional success. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 14: Psihologiya (Bulletin of the Moscow University. Series 14: Psychology, 4, 221–250. (In Russ.).

20. Shannon, W., Crystal, M., McFee, J. (2009) Investigating the «Rescue Personality» // Traumatology, 15(3), 5–12. doi: 10.1177/1534765609338499

21. Shoigu, Yu.S., Pyzhyanova, L.G. (2011). Forecasting and management of socio-psychological risks during an emergency situation Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 14: Psihologiya (Bulletin of the Moscow University. Series 14: Psychology), 4, 76–83. (In Russ.).

22. Strizhov, E.Yu. (2009). Moral and universal values in the system of moral reliability of the individual. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta (Bulletin of the Tomsk State Pedagogical University), 1(79), 84–88. (In Russ.).

23. Vigotskii, L.S. (1983). Collected works: In 6 vols. Vol. 3 Problems of the development of the psyche. Moscow: Pedagogika. (In Russ.).