Articles

A comparison between image of psychology in contemporary public opinion and the actual state of affairs in psychological science is made. The discrepancy between rate of development of applied fields of psychology and its support from fundamental research are revealed. The meaning and significance of general psychology (and of works by members of General psychology department, in particular) in overcoming this discrepancy is shown.

All-Russian conference with international participation «Tradition and Perspectives of zoopsychology development in Russia» in comemoration of N.N. Ladygina-Kots (1889—1963)

To the 75th anniversary of Antonina Nikolayevna Zhdan

To the 60th anniversary of Alexandr Grigorievich Asmolov

The article presents g. gonzalez’s integrative model of alcohol and drug abuse prevention on campus. This theoretical structure bases on models such as health belief model, social learning theory and problem behavior theory. it focuses on different elements — the individual level, the level of the environment and the level of interaction between the individual and the environment. we present concrete activities included in the integrative model, analyze the effectiveness of preventive programs among university students and the experience of using the model at the University of Florida. gonzalez’s model can be used to assess the effectiveness of prevention programs.

A cross-cultural study of the motivation of becoming a psychologist among freshmen at MSU and MSU’s branch in Baku is described in the article. It is shown that the formation of this motivation depends on social and cultural settings in which the choice of this profession occurs. In accordance with particular differences between the two groups of the subjects, some recommendations for the maintenance of professional growth are suggested.

The paper analyses theoretical and methodological principles of neuropsychological assessment of preschool children and the most used psychometric methods of preschooler evaluation. Russian battery for preschoolers’ neuropsychological assessment, qualitative analysis and scoring of results was adopted in Portugal. The Portuguese version of this battery follows Luria’s principle of interaction with the examined child with the aim to determine the zone of his proximal development.

Students’ mistakes in problem solving are analyzed from the positions of activity approach. Each type of students’ mistakes is connected to certain conditions of students’ activity organization during the lesson. We analyzed the mistakes, which students make when they do not turn to the knowledge obtained before problem solving. It has been demonstrated that students from different educational systems have differences in the frequency of mistakes in question.

This article describes a study of short and long term effects of media on the dander perception. With the new questionnaire «Dangerous situations assessment» were refined by the existing classification of dangers, as well as developed a new classification based on subjective perceptions of dangerous situations. We show the difference in perceptions of risk in men and women and especially their transformation under the influence of news coverage. We give recommendations for the compilation of news releases, taking into account the psychological mechanisms of perception of dangerous situations that are shown on television.

The article describes a psychosemantic technique for investigation of representations of the family. It is shown that the implicit theory of the family (ITF) have a three-level structure, depending on age, gender and culture. So, there is a system of basic constructs, components of ITF which are common to all people: (1) Family — Individual, (2) We (Dependence — Affection), which connotative shade, and (3) The functions of the Family (Social — Psychological). The authors examine similarities and differences in ITF of French and Russians, men and women, married and unmarried, people of different age. 

Terrestrial snails Helix are the strategic objects for the psychophysiological studies at the scientific school united by the research strategy “Human—Neuron—Model”. E.N. Sokolov considered studies of the snails’ neurons as very meaningful for the theory of psychophysiology. The unified spherical model developed by Sokolov using vectorial approach consists from the elements similar to the nerve cells. “Simpler nervous systems” of mollusks such the snails present a possibility for experimental testing of spherical model at the level of real neurons and synapses. A task of following talk is to present the results obtained at the snails’ neurons under leadership of E.N. Sokolov and the experiments that he planned for future studies of the spherical model at the level of neurons and synapses.

The article examines the classic and latest techniques in the study of mental reflection time. The proposed computational method that allows you to monitor various conditions of mental reflection time: accuracy evaluation and measuring, the presence or absence of task, type of task, the speed of the external sensors of time, and to vary different series of experiment for research purposes. The methodological procedure was tested on elderly subjects and younger and sensitive to the peculiarities of time perception in individuals of different ages.

This article presents a research made in French Rail Transport Company about professional culture. It uses the Bakhtinian concept of genre to analyze the dynamic between individual activity and professional culture in a cultural-historical perspective. At the beginning of the article, theoretical bases and concepts of the research are represented, then by means of extracts from the protocols is illustrated the idea of the development of professional culture under the effect of the individual activity as well as the development of individual activity under the effect of the professional culture.

This research is about defining specific character of quantitative, structural and functional characteristics of psychological adaptation. As a result of it was found that it typical for opium (heroine) addicted patients not to understand the connection between behavior and consequences. This leads to making mistakes of psychosocial character and creating of conflict relations with people around. The reason for this is undeveloped social intellect of such patients. Moreover, the factor of psychosocial adaptation like empathy is lower in drug addicted patients. Communicate competence, presenting itself the sum of knowledge and skills about partners they communicate with and about the communicative process as a whole, is closely related to the factor mentioned above.

The article is devoted to the review of feacheres of a process of social categorization,its object and functions. The specific of use of this process in main theories of psychology of social cognition is under the consideration.